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  Publications | Banker's Journal Malaysia |  Paper Synopsis | Issue 126

 

2004
(Issue No. 126)

Synopsis

Global Bankers Move Towards Insourcing
by Divya Patel

Of late, a number of concerns have been raised with regards to traditional outsourcing, more so by banks who are notoriously pedantic with issues of control and confidentiality. These concerns have resulted in banks resorting to insourcing, which is the offspring from the matrimony between outsourcing and innovation. Instead of transferring the function to a third party, banks are setting up centralized processing hubs to fulfil their backoffice operations. These processing hubs maybe wholly-owned subsidiaries of the bank or joint ventures with third parties. In this way, quality and control may be maintained. While this move may result in a healthier bottomline for banks, employees and consequently trade unions are not overly enthusiastic about insourcing, which is understandable when labour intensive functions are moved to less expensive offshore zones.

Bank Outsourcing: The Way Forward?
by Lee Khee Joo

Bank outsourcing is gaining momentum and it appears to be the way forward in Malaysia. It may entail loan processing, cheque processing, call centre, human resource payroll, credit card collection, medical benefit processing, ATM management, cash management, payment processing and central mailing services. While banks have outsourced their non-core operations for various reasons, they must not overlook the risks of outsourcing as well as the impact of outsourcing. This is largely because outsourcing may not be the magic bullet that it is sometimes made out to be.

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Evolution of Performance in the Banking Industry
by Saravanan Ramasamy

To counter stiff competition from foreign players, banks in Malaysia are increasingly undertaking technological, operational and even organisational innovations. One noteworthy innovation that has captured many commercial bankers?attention is the formation of Line-of Business (LOB). Traditionally, most banks, even the large ones, have been organised and managed as one common business. The profitability of their branches was then ‘rolled up?to obtain the bank-wide profitability. Banks soon realised the need to focus on their customers from different segments. They began to organize and manage themselves not as a unit but a collection of disparate business units, each with its own customers, distribution channels and products. While the creation of separate LOBs and business units enabled greater management focus and specialisation, it also gave rise to new issues concerning performance measurement, risk management and resource allocation, which warranted a new profitability measurement approach, based on products, customers and distribution channels. To achieve this, banks started to implement Value-Based Management (VBM) approaches, such as Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Fund Transfer Pricing (FTP). The implementation of the FTP methodology not only allows an individual LOB's performance to be accurately measured by providing accurate Net Interest Margin (NIM) information but also provides a wealth of information on product pricing strategy. With the use of FTP, management is able to solicit appropriate behaviour within the LOBs based on strategic direction of the organisation and market conditions. What originated as a management accounting technique has now evolved to be a strategic management approach.

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Value of Shared Services
by James Chong & Christina Teh

Shared services provide another approach to improve performance by reducing operational cost, obtaining operational flexibility and also by enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. Shared services often focus on backoffice business processes which are normally transaction-oriented and repetitive in nature. Not be confused with centralization, which wrestles for business controls by implementing stringent policies and reporting requirements, shared services emphasize on providing efficient and effective services to its internal customers by pulling together all scattered activities across business units or geographical locations. The writers believe that y adopting the shared services approach, firms would be able to streamline their operations and focus on their core competencies to improve their overall efficiency and hence performance.

Effect of Ownership Structure on Corporate Performance
by Dr Tan Hui Boon, Hooy Chee Wooi and Tan Lai Kin

This paper investigates whether ownership structure has a significant effect on the performance of public-listed companies in Malaysia. The research focuses on stock returns rather than Tobin's Q ratio as a measure for firm performance, covering 48 sample companies that were selected based on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange's Composite 100 shares Index listed link (KLSE CI). The results show that insider ownership of the sample companies is not as large as institutional ownership. The average of 2.2% share held by insider owners is substantially lower than the 71.4% shares held by institutional investors. This indicates that the degree of concentration of institutional ownership is much higher than insider ownership. In addition, corporate performance is positively and significantly correlated to institutional ownership, indicating that institutional investors have the incentive as well as the autonomy in monitoring and controlling the behavior of managers.

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Intellectual Capital and its Contribution to Business Performance
by Dr Wan Fadzilah Wan Yusoff & Prof Muhamad Jantan

This paper explores performance from an intellectual capital perspective. It highlights the increasingly rapid diffusion of new technology and the knowledge revolution. As a result, bank management is suddenly forced to develop strategies that represent the right balance of autonomy and control, consistency and flexibility, protect and yet share key knowledge. All these need to happen almost simultaneously. The empirical investigation draws information from a selection of 183 financial institutions to examine intellectual capital constructs, to enable greater comprehension of the component specificity and non-appropriability created by their interactive nature. The results confirm that key driving forces in the contemporary business environment have moved from the management of tangible resources to the exploitation of intangible resources manifested in the knowledge and expertise possessed by employees. Other intangibles which have become prominent players in this performance preview are the leveraging of organizational learning through codification of implicit and explicit knowledge and also the availability of specific platforms for the sharing of knowledge through social relations and networking. The writer argues that static tangible resources alone are no longer capable to achieve and sustain competitive advantage, and recommends that firms strike an optimal balance between their utilization of tangible and intangible resources.

Leveraging on Intellectual Property Rights for Business Advantage
by John Chong

Intellectual property has emerged as a powerful and valuable business asset. This article gives a brief introduction on what intellectual property is, some myths that surround it, and how companies can leverage on intellectual property for business advantage.

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Wireless Technology: A Prescription for Banking in Malaysia
by Deepak Pareek

In recent years, the capital and money markets have been undergoing rapid changes, reflecting a number of underlying developments. Internet, wireless technology and global straight-through processing have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry. The adoption of wireless communication services has increased exponentially in the last few years, especially in Southeast Asia. Malaysia's mobile market has seen remarkable growth over the last few years. There were 11 million mobile phone subscribers as of end-2003, and is expected to reach 15 million by end-2004. As new technologies overcome existing limitations, consumers are increasingly using the wireless channel to communicate as well as to gather information or conduct transactions over the mobile Internet. This is why financial services have been embraced by mobile consumers and are expected to grow rapidly. This paper argues that wireless financial services will be one of the key beneficiaries of the mobile Internet revolution and discusses how financial institutions can use this opportunity to provide better services.

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Basel II: Its Developments and Implications for Malaysian Banks
by Dr John Lee

This paper reports the findings of a KPMG global survey to determine banks?readiness for Basel II compliance. These findings are pertinent in view of the requirement on Malaysian banks, which are adopting the Foundation Internal Rating Based (FIRB) Approach, to submit a comprehensive implementation plan to Bank Negara Malaysia by January 2008 and complete implementation by 2010. The survey evaluated 303 banks from 39 countries. The findings indicated that Malaysian banks were generally behind the implementation timeline, more notably in the area of operational risk. Most Malaysian banks are only starting to assess the requirements for operational risk. In the corporate credit risk area, Malaysian banks are comparatively more advanced and are reported to be involved in calibrating their models for probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD) calculations. Nevertheless the same cannot be said for retail credit risk. When economic capital management (Pillar 2) was examined, Malaysian banks fared poorly.

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Whistleblowers: Openness and Accountability in the Workplace
by Lim Heng Seng

Previously, there is no special legislation in Malaysia that deals with employees making unauthorised disclosures of wrongdoings or malpractices that occurs in the workplace. Parliament, however, vide the Securities Industry (Amendment) Act 2003 has introduced some essential elements of protection for whistleblowing coming from the ranks of key officers of a public listed companies who report breaches of securities laws and listing rules or matters that adversely affect the financial position of such companies. Viewed in the context of the Government's renewed commitment to integrity, ethical standards and transparency, the amendments to the Securities Industry Act 1983 herald the beginning of new initiatives for the establishment of good if not best practices in the workplace as a complementary and necessary component of good corporate governance.

Bank Guarantees: Some Legal Considerations When a Guarantor is Illiterate
by Noor Inayah Yaakub

This paper examines some legal aspects when a guarantor, who does not understand English, seeks legal address to set aside a transaction based on undue influence. It first explores the position of a guarantor, who is English-illiterate, in order to identify problems with banking-guarantee transactions in Malaysia. The findings suggest that the main cause of the problem is the status of the English language in Malaysian courts, particularly when there are conflicting interpretations as to the position of the language in courts. Another problem arising from such a proposition is that a guarantor cannot insist on his bank to prepare banking documentation in Malay. Banks will not agree to it since exhibits in English are accepted by the courts. This paper offers several solutions. Based on the premise that it is the role of the courts to promote the use of the national language, the exhibits tendered must also be in the Malay language. If financial institutions choose to follow the forms and guarantee documents that are in English, they must have them translated into Malay. Alternatively, in the first instance, they can prepare them in Malay.

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